In the last two decades, governments have increasingly adopted legislation that criminalizes the preparation, facilitation and incitement of terrorism — as well as a range of administrative measures such as watchlists and the deprivati… of nationality. Some of these efforts pose serious challenges to human rights and the rule of law. By ensuring that counter-terrorism laws and measures are grounded in the rule of law and respect human rights, policymakers and practitioners can maximise effectiveness, reduce the likelihood of counterproductive consequences, and improve prosecution outcomes while upholding the rights of victims, witnesses and the accused.